Watershed budgets

Quantification and analysis of entire watershed ecosystem element and energy budgets has been one of the major past and ongoing thrusts of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study.

Selected key publications containing watershed budgets include:

• Bormann, F. H. and G. E. Likens. 1967. Nutrient cycling. Science 155(3761):424-429.
  
  
• Likens, G. E., F. H. Bormann, N. M. Johnson and R. S. Pierce. 1967. The calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium budgets for a small forested ecosystem. Ecology 48(5):772-785.
  
  
• Likens, G. E., F. H. Bormann, N. M. Johnson, D. W. Fisher and R. S. Pierce. 1970. Effects of forest cutting and herbicide treatment on nutrient budgets in the Hubbard Brook watershed-ecosystem. Ecol. Monogr. 40(1):23-47.
  
  
• Likens, G. E. and F. H. Bormann. 1972. Nutrient cycling in ecosystems. pp. 25-67. In: J. Wiens (ed.). Ecosystem Structure and Function. Oregon State Univ. Press, Corvallis.
  
  
• Bormann, F. H., G. E. Likens, T. G. Siccama, R. S. Pierce and J. S. Eaton. 1974. The export of nutrients and recovery of stable conditions following deforestation at Hubbard Brook. Ecol. Monogr. 44(3):255-277.
  
  
• Bormann, F. H., G. E. Likens and J. M. Melillo. 1977. Nitrogen budget for an aggrading northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Science 196(4293):981-983.
  
  
• Gosz, J. R., R. T. Holmes, G. E. Likens and F. H. Bormann. 1978. The flow of energy in a forest ecosystem. Sci. Amer. 238(3):92-102.
  
  
• Richey, J. E., R. C. Wissmar, A. H. Devol, G. E. Likens, J.S. Eaton, R. G. Wetzel, W. E. Odum, P. H. Rich, O. L. Loucks, R. T. Prentki and N. M. Johnson. 1978. Carbon flow in four lake ecosystems: a structural approach. Science 202(4373):1183- 1186.
  
  
• Bormann, F. H. and G. E. Likens. 1979. Pattern and Process in a Forested Ecosystem. Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 253pp.
  
  
• Driscoll, C. T. and G. E. Likens. 1982. Hydrogen ion budget of an aggrading forested ecosystem. Tellus 34:283-292.
  
  
• Likens, G. E. (editor). 1985. An Ecosystem Approach to Aquatic Ecology: Mirror Lake and its Environment. Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 516 pp.
  
  
• Bowden, W. B. 1986. Gaseous nitrogen emissions from undisturbed terrestrial ecosystems: an assessment of their impacts on local and global nitrogen budgets. Biogeochemistry 2(3):249-279.
  
  
• Strayer, D. and G. E. Likens. 1986. An energy budget for the zoobenthos of Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Ecology 67(2):303-313.
  
  
• Johnson, D. W., J. M. Kelly, W. T. Swank, D. W. Cole, H. Van Miegroet, J. W. Hornbeck, R. S. Pierce and D. Van Lear. 1988. The effects of leaching and whole- tree harvesting on cation budgets of several forests. J. Environ. Qual. 17(3):418- 424.
  
  
• Likens, G. E., F. H. Bormann, L. O. Hedin, C. T. Driscoll and J. S. Eaton. 1990. Dry deposition of sulfur: a 23-yr record for the Hubbard Brook Forest Ecosystem. Tellus 42B:319-329.
  
  
• Likens, G. E., C. T. Driscoll, D. C. Buso, T. G. Siccama, C. E. Johnson, D. F. Ryan, G. M. Lovett, T. Fahey and W. A. Reiners. 1994. The biogeochemistry of potassium at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry 25:61-125.
  
  
• Johnson, C. E., T. G. Siccama, C. T. Driscoll, G. E. Likens and R. E. Moeller. 1995. Changes in forest lead cycling in response to decreasing atmospheric inputs. Ecol. Appl. 5(3):813-822.
  
  
• Likens, G. E. and F. H. Bormann. 1995. Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem. Second Edition, Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 159 pp.
  
  
• Likens, G. E., C. T. Driscoll, D. C. Buso, T. G. Siccama, C. E. Johnson, G. M. Lovett, T. J. Fahey, W. A. Reiners and D. F. Ryan. 1997. The biogeochemistry of calcium at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry (In Press).